Resolve

Total war Wars should be earnestly prosecuted by the entire citizenry. Not only does this bring about a swift conclusion to hostilities, it is also the only way faith can be kept with the men and women of the armed forces whose lives are in jeopardy. Accordingly war...

Standing offers of settlement

Just as issuing an ultimatum is an essential obligation to humanity, so too is having in place a standing offer of settlement. Even where unconditional surrender is demanded, so long as this is coupled with a solemn undertaking that only justice will be done, such...

Direction of the war

During war, power tends to concentrate in the executive at the expense of the legislature. Within the executive, power then tends to concentrate in a three- or four-man war cabinet. Within the war cabinet, power tends to concentrate in a single man. Such...

Ultimatums

We owe this further regard to humanity, and especially to the lives and peace of the subjects, to declare to that unjust nation, or its chief, that we are at length going to have recourse to the last remedy, and make use of open force, for the purpose of bringing him...

Authority to declare war

War should … only be declared by the authority of the people, whose toils and treasures are to support its burdens, instead of the government which is to reap its fruits. —James Madison. Universal Peace, Philadelphia, January 31, 1792. The decision to go to war causes...

When not to go to war

For conquest Wars of conquest are unjust and he is chargeable with all the evils, all the horrors of the war: all the effusion of blood, the desolation of families, the guilt of rapine, the acts of violence, the ravages, the conflagrations, are his works and his...